Of course, while progress on delivering a ‘soft’ Brexit (and a potentially more stable majority UK government) is a clear de-escalation of geopolitical risk, the US-China ‘phase one’ trade deal, if delivered, holds less hope of permanent progress. 

Still, there is potential for such developments to improve business certainty, reverse the fall in capex plans and see the global economy avoid recession in 2020, particularly as President Trump is likely to want the US economy to be doing well as he seeks re-election in November. 

But even if world growth can stabilise and recover, equity market valuations are already elevated. This will limit the ability of equity markets to continue to grind higher in 2020 simply via improving optimism and multiple (P/E) expansion.

While valuations can stretch to extremes for a while, the US 12-month forward price-earnings ratio is 17.2 times, above its five-year average of 16.6, and in Europe and Australia, forward P/E ratios are also 1-1.5 points above average. This is why ‘E’ is a key variable not to be ignored.

With recent reports showing actual equity earnings tracking closer to zero in the US and Europe, far weaker than forward earnings that are still running close to 10% for calendar 2020, this is a gap that will need to close if equity markets are going to rise.

Optimism and reduced geopolitical stresses count for something. Better economic growth will count for more. But for equity returns, neither will count for enough if global and Australian company earnings trajectories don’t start to trend higher as 2020 unfolds.