AI is driving the biggest capex boom in US history
The scale of the unfolding AI investment boom is unprecedented, eclipsing past US investment booms by a large margin.
AI investment is currently about 4½ times higher than its recent trough, based on BIS estimates.
The only other boom that came close was the creation of the canals in the early 1800s, when investment peaked at about 4 times its corresponding trough.
The railway boom of the late 1800s saw investment peak at about 2½ times its trough, while the booms of the roaring 1920s and dotcom bubble of the 1990s saw capex peak at about double their respective troughs.
History does not necessarily repeat, but past booms suggest that the expansion of AI probably has another 2-3 years before it tops out.
Moreover, the peak in AI investment will mechanically be higher because investment in tech is exaggerated by the rapid depreciation of software and computers.
Software – which is driving the current expansion – depreciates in value by almost half after a year, with depreciation of computers running at about one-third, and research and development depreciating at an annual rate of 15%, all according to Fed calculations.
CCI's analysis has already shown that the tech sector is driving the US economy at the moment, accounting for about three-quarters of recent economic growth.
The tech boom will boost productivity for some time, but the question for markets is whether companies can recoup an adequate return on this massive investment and if equity investors have paid too much for shares.
On the latter, long-term valuation measures – such as the cyclically-adjusted PE ratio – have shown US equities as extremely expensive over recent years, only beaten by the dotcom peak of 1999-00.
Equities are also offering the smallest premium over bonds in recent history, except, again, for the dotcom episode.
While these valuation measures are not designed to provide a signal on timing the market, they underscore the ongoing risk of a correction in stocks, particularly now that Fed seems likely to raise interest rates and with real bond yields at their highest point since before the global financial crisis.
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