US inflation is still too high even as upside risks abate
US core inflation was in line with market forecasts in May, tracking a fraction above the Fed’s forecast profile, with annualised core PCE inflation of 3¾% in trend terms still well above the bank’s 2% target.
The best news for inflation globally is that the upside risks from the energy shock have abated, while in the US, the boost to goods prices from tariffs should fade from around the middle of this year.
However, the goods news on the energy shock also means that the downside risks to growth have dissipated, which means that most central banks are left with core inflation that is still too high relative to targets.
Some central banks have started raising rates, including the ECB, BoJ, and RBA, and the Fed seems likely to follow over the coming months.
The current average policy rate in the US is 3.6% and policy rules now suggest that it should be about 4½% (previously 4%). This underscores the deep division among policymakers on the FOMC, where about half the committee is happy to keep rates on hold and the other half would prefer to raise rates at least once this year.
Fed Chair Warsh has not shown his hand, abruptly refraining from offering forward guidance to the market and repeating that the Fed will achieve price stability without spelling out how that will happen.
Warsh is speaking at the ECB’s annual policy conference next week and there will be little point to his participation if he repeats his press conference strategy of not answering questions.
That said, his confirmation hearing and recent actions suggest that he probably wants the Fed to keep rates steady heading into the mid-term elections by persuading his colleagues to focus on lower trimmed mean inflation rather than the better-known core PCE measure and taking up their time with a number of new taskforces.
While CCI's analysis has shown that trimmed mean inflation does a good job at approximating the trend in inflation, even there the story is not as favourable as Warsh might hope.
That is, annualised trimmed mean inflation briefly touched the 2% target late last year, but picked up again and is currently running at about 2¾%, which is still unacceptably high, reinforcing the risk of higher interest rates.
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