The boy who cried tariff: Have markets moved on?

Mo' Tariffs, Mo' Problems

Global trade policy uncertainty rose again in July, but this time, share markets didn’t react.

Markets rose in July, with the S&P 500, Russell 2000, ASX 200 and ASX Small Ordinaries up +2.3%, +1.7%, +2.4% and +2.8% respectively.

Tariff fatigue has clearly set in. The markets have moved on.

But the coming U.S. economic data is almost certain to have a ‘stagflationary’ whiff to it over the next few months, and the big question will be: will the market continue to look through tariffs?

With the U.S. and its trading partners striking tariff ‘deals’ in July, and the U.S. handing many more countries their new tariff rates on 1 August, it’s becoming increasingly clear the U.S.’s new effective tariff rate will settle somewhere around 15%. That’s a level we have to go back to the 1930s to see.

So far, the incoming data suggests that it’s U.S. importers that are ‘eating’ the lion’s share of the tariffs rather than passing them on.

On the other side of the ledger, the Trump Administration’s One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBB), which just passed Congress, has some big tax relief for business, including immediate expensing (100%) of capital expenditure and R&D.

What the U.S. government takes with one hand from domestic corporations is given back to a degree. Some estimates suggest it’s giving more than it’s taking.

Although the sequencing will be important for the macro data. At a company level, there will definitely be the ‘haves’ (think those with primarily U.S. production and big capex budgets) and the ‘have nots’ (those with supply chains in highly tariffed countries that are capital light).

A U.S. rate cut in September becomes almost certain

The other big question is: how soon will the Fed begin cutting rates again? And what does that mean for the small cap market we play in?

The answer is that a Fed rate cut is now more likely for two reasons.

The first is a weak jobs market.

As many who follow markets would know, on 1 August, the U.S. received a bad jobs report, with job growth in July slower than expected.

More importantly, job growth in the prior two months was revised down by 258,000 jobs.

In a shock move, President Trump fired the economist heading the statistical agency responsible for the numbers. Is it a case of shooting the messenger, or a leader being fired for not providing accurate enough numbers? Economists would argue the prior month revisions are par for the course as more data comes through.

Whatever the answer, the U.S. jobs market is softer than once thought, and this has increased expectations for Fed cuts. 

Before the jobs report, the prospect of a September Fed rate cut was about 50/50. It now looks like a near certainty.

The market is now predicting 2.5 rate cuts (of 0.25% size) before year end. Given the Fed meets three more times before year end, that is almost a cut at each meeting.

This would be a welcome relief for borrowers because the Fed has been on hold since December last year, when it paused the current rate cutting cycle.

Bad Jobs Report increases expected rate cuts

“Stubborn moron,” “very stupid person,” “total loser,” “too political,” “low IQ,” and should be “put out to pasture”

The second reason rate cuts are likely more imminent is politics.

The words above are just a few that President Trump has used to describe the Fed Chair Jerome Powell this year for not cutting rates.

It is not only the jobs market that has been putting pressure on the Fed to cut!

With the recent resignation of a voting Fed Governor, Trump now has an early opportunity to appoint a replacement likely to support additional rate cuts within the Fed.

This new appointment to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will also likely be first in line as Trump’s pick to replace Powell when he is scheduled to step down in May next year (unless Trump removes him for cause before then!).

Small caps shifting from ‘headwinds’ to ‘tailwinds’

As we’ve been saying for some time now, we think this looming rate cut is THE precondition for small caps to start outperforming.

We have started to see some of this outperformance, and more breadth, more recently. The market’s recovery from its post Liberation Day lows in mid-April is no longer simply dominated by the biggest companies.

Bad Breadth – a fresh mint for small caps:

As you can see above, the S&P 500 (orange line) rebounded from April to July. This has coincided with micro caps outperforming small caps (brown line), and small caps outperforming an equally weighted basket of large caps (black line).

This type of market breadth, with micro and small caps outperforming, has been very rare over the last few years.

As the market anticipates a resumption of rate cuts, we watch closely to see whether this marks the beginning of sustained small cap outperformance.

Providing growth continues to hold up it should be, because rate cuts benefit small caps for two main reasons:

1. They have more floating rate debt and are more economically sensitive, so they benefit more as rates fall; and
2. Lower rates encourage more risk-taking by investors, often spurring them to invest further down the market capitalisation spectrum.

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