Narrowly favouring a March RBA rate hike
Governor Bullock spoke this morning on the economy, switching from recommending last week that markets be “patient” on monetary policy to stating that “every [policy] meeting was live”.
The RBA board next meets on 16-17 March, skips April, and meets again on 4-5 May, ahead of the Commonwealth budget on 12 May.
Barring a surprise result for Q4 GDP, CCI had thought that the RBA would raise rates again in March with more to come as outline below, given high inflation and low unemployment. However, the governor’s repeated use of the word “patient” had suggested that she wanted to wait until the May meeting, after the release of the Q1 CPI in late April.
The governor’s messaging has changed – perhaps reflecting feedback from the board – and we narrowly favour the RBA raising rates again this month, or, failing that, a number of policymakers voting to raise rates.
Asked whether the RBA had overachieved on its employment objective, something that stands out internationally, in that Australia is the only advanced economy where the unemployment rate is below the estimated NAIRU, the governor again defended cutting rates last year, stating that the board responds to changing circumstances.
However, this explanation is only part of the story as Deputy Governor Hauser has said that the board had been actively testing for a lower NAIRU via lower interest rates, as it overrode higher staff estimates of the NAIRU. This approach mimicked an earlier Fed strategy for dealing with uncertainty around calculating full employment, and naturally ran the risk of higher inflation.
With the RBA recently revising up its average estimate of the neutral cash rate from 3.1% to 3.6%, the current cash rate of 3.85% does not represent particularly tight monetary policy. There is also excess demand in the labour market in that the smoothed unemployment rate of 4.2% is below both the board’s recently raised assumption for the NAIRU of 4.6% and the staff’s higher average estimate of 4.9%.
CCI's scenario work using simple policy rules based on these estimates and the RBA’s economic outlook suggests that persistent inflation would likely see the RBA raise the cash rate to between 4¼% and 4¾%, although there is always the possibility that it may raise rates by less than this and opt to keep rates steady for longer.
As for the higher exchange rate, the governor did not seem to think that it could do the RBA’s job for it on inflation, as she said that its recent appreciation reflected market expectations of higher interest rates.
On the unfolding Middle East crisis, Governor Bullock was concerned about the risk of sustained high energy prices leading to higher inflation expectations at a time when actual inflation was still high, even though an energy shock would eventually be a negative for economic activity.
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